Wrong setting seems to have been ruled out. According to the cockpit voice recorder (CVR), at 1555:58 the captain remarked, "Well the radar is full of it, take your pick." At 1556:00, the controller told Flight 242 that his radarscope was showing heavy precipitation and that the echos were about 5 nmi ahead of the flight. The landing gear was lowered but no statement was made by either crew member in the cockpit. The captain in this case had been a Lockheed Tristar pilot before joining Ryanair. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) near Kenova and Ceredo, West Virginia. So if the 400 feet was from the radio altimeter, then they were only 900 feet above mean sea level, even though the minimum descent altitude for the approach was 1,240 feet above mean sea level. The CVR does not shed much light on what they were trying to tell each other. Air Canada Flight 797 was an international passenger flight operating from Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport to Montral-Dorval International Airport, with an intermediate stop at Toronto Pearson International Airport.On 2 June 1983, the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-32 operating the service developed an in-flight fire in air around the rear lavatory that spread between the outer skin and . pointed to last week, but the report indicates that the airport finally got a vertical-axis ILS (albeit nonstandard) between the crash and the report date, so I guess the writer(s) figured recommending clearing some of the trees on the top of the adjacent peak wasnt useful. The city of Huntington, West Virginia, and Marshall University suffered an unimaginable loss: the crash of Flight 932, a chartered Southern Airways McDonnell Douglas DC-9-31 jet carrying most of the members of the Marshall University Thundering Herd football team, as well as boosters, coaches, and other passengers. After the crash, Red Dawson helped bring together a group of players who were on the junior varsity football team during the 1970 season, as well as students and athletes from other sports, to form a 1971 football team. The ONLY type of approach where it had anything more than a purely advisory function is in Cat 2 and Cat 3 ILS approaches. Both systems were used to talk-down an aircraft. Yes the Jeppesen was unbelievably detailed and the weekly updates were a real pain in the part of the anatomy that many people these days hoard paper for. Now, this isnt an exact science. Regulations, entry requirements, class 2 Notams, interpretation of TAFs, METARs, de-icing priocedures, emergency procedures, you name it: it can all be found in the Jeppy, combined with airway charts, area charts and the various and very detailed STARs, SIDs, airport charts and approach charts. The services can be viewed on Livestream. Lengyel, who came from a coaching job at the College of Wooster, was hired by the recently hired athletic director Joe McMullen, under whom he had previously worked at the University of Akron in the 1950s. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. Code Insee. In weather conditions of mist and light rain with low clouds (scattered clouds at 300 feet, broken overcast at 500 feet solid overcast at 1000 feet), the aircraft descended below MDA and struck trees on a hill, approx. Why does he call out the height above ground at all? Jeppesen is meticulous and extremely complete. [15], Marshall University President John G. Barker and Vice President Dedmon appointed a memorial committee soon after the crash. This years service will be at 2:00pm. It was donated to the university by Marshall fans and is attached to Joan C. Edwards Stadium on the west faade. He called them to advise them that he was about to get into a taxi. I am the daughter of Danny Deese, Charter Coordinator for Southern Airways Flight 932. But we made it. Seventy children had at least one parent die in the crash, with 18 of them left orphaned. However, there was another odd detail. Your email address will not be published. The CVR data indicated at least two interruptions to power, one lasting 15 . 2) He erroneously used the radio altimeter, thus calling out the height over the current terrain rather than over the runway. You contribution makes sense, even if the investigation failed to determine whether or not the altimeter had been a factor. I flew a few times into Worcester MA (KORH), which IIRC is even more above the immediate surroundings (over 500 feet above its name-city); how much warning of a low approach would GPWS give there? Because it was the Herd's only charter flight of the season, boosters and prominent citizens were on the plane, including a city councilman, a state legislator, and four physicians. Theres also the point that neither the crew nor the charter coordinator thought it was a big deal that the approach plate was out of date. "We Are Marshall": Analyzing the Data of Flight 932 Basic components and operation of an aviation recording system Photo courtesy L-3 Communication Aviation Recorders During the investigation, the NTSB analyzed the airplane's instruments as well as the crew's behavior. MDA is Minimum Descent Altitude, determined with the barometric altimeter set at QNH and showing the ALTITUDE above sea level. Your email address will not be published. Before the trip, they were scheduled to go on a recruiting mission to Ferrum College after the ECUMarshall game, in an ultimately unsuccessful effort to recruit junior college linebacker Billy Joe Mantooth. Airlines of course were a different matter. Your email address will not be published. Presuming that the terrain was rising again, they could have been 126 feet above the higher ground. Notify me of new posts by email every Friday. Why. [22], On Nov. 14, 1970, 75 people died in the worst sports-related air tragedy in U.S. history, when a Southern Airways DC-9 crashed into a hillside nearby.The victims included 36 Marshall University football players, 9 coaches and administrators, 25 fans and air crew of 5.No one survived this horrific disaster.[1]. But I can agree that QNH is not really useful for parachutists. At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft . However, the experience gained with this installation should provide a basis for possible application to other airports where standard installation criteria cannot be met without major construction. This meant that at the critical decision altitude his eyes had already made the transition. Todos os voos de Chios para Pisa. I remember when I was new in Ryanair and still a F/O on the BAC 1-11. [16] The sculpture's designer, Harry Bertoia, created the $25,000 memorial that incorporated bronze, copper tubing, and welding rods. alt. Jeppesen ALWAYS printed accurate terrain information: Apart from a minimum sector altitude which gives information on safe altitudes within a sector, either based on the airport reference or on the FAF (final approach fix) within a range of 25 NM. The remarks of the captain regarding the autopilot and the downdrafts might then be the result of him not being aware that terrain height changes would affect the RadAlt; hed think the aircraft had moved more vertically than his mental model of the aircraft position allowed for, when in fact the terrain height had changed. New route from Imperial-Now make connections at both Phoenix and LAX! A modern TAWS has a terrain database and wouldve anticipated the impact, and also knows about glide paths. Seventy children lost at least one parent in the crash, with 18 of them left orphaned. I had second thoughts after that. variables as winds aloft and flight recorder accuracy. For a private owner it was a near impossibility to keep abreast. [4] The controllers advised the crew that "rain, fog, smoke and a ragged ceiling" were at the airport, making landing more difficult, but possible. Thats not the only thing thats changed over the past fifty years. Airport (MEM), Southern Airways Express operates a fleet of 36 aircraft traveling to a range of sought-after destinations. During my flying years, many British operators preferred QFE. It is too soon to answer that, Your email address will not be published. Unlike the corporate pilots, airline crews could fetch their route manuals, presumably kept up-to-date, from the operations office. I mentioned that in 1970, cockpit resource management was nothing like as important an aspect of aviation as it is now. I know of one pilot who had been F/O on a modern airliner. When his command came up, he had to transfer to an older type, still without glass cockpit. Theres no clear checklist or challenge-and-response interaction between the captain and the first officer. December 11, 2006, Last edited on 27 December 2022, at 20:03, Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field, Marshall University Thundering Herd football team, 38 22' 27" N. latitude and 82 34' 42" W. longitude, 2013 Conference USA Football Championship game, 1970 Marshall Thundering Herd football team, List of accidents and incidents involving commercial aircraft, Wichita State University football team plane crash, "Marshall crash still looms after 36 years", "Plane crash devastates Marshall University", "The story of the 1970 Marshall Plane Crash", "Tragedy litters the sports landscape: Marshall remains the worst sports-related air disaster", "Reporter recalls memories from worst sports- related air tragedy in US history", "NTSB Aircraft Accident Report Southern Airways Inc. DC-9, N97S, Tri-State Airport, Huntington, West Virginia, November 14, 1970", "People have not forgotten Marshall Crash 30 years ago", "Emotions of tragedy drew Lengyel to Marshall", "Marshall football, 50 years after plane crash, carries on, and remembers", "Akron Alum Jack Lengyel to Receive AFCA's McLaughry Award", "Memorial Fountain designed to represent 'upward growth, immortality, eternality', "Marshall Memorial Bronze unveiled to mix of emotions", "Marker placed at site of crash, Dec. 11, 2006", "43 years later, Marshall still honors memory of fallen players", "Marshall Football to Don '75' Helmets for Remainder of Season", "ECU, Marshall game postponed due to pandemic", Aviation history synopsis of Southern Airways Flight 932 (with photographs), List of victims of Southern Airways Flight 932, PlaneCrashInfo.Com Southern Airways Flight 932 entry, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southern_Airways_Flight_932&oldid=1129926926, This page was last edited on 27 December 2022, at 20:03. Mendel: does modern TAWS (aka EGPWS) have a terrain database, or only an airfield database? Flight status, tracking, and historical data for Southern Airways Express 932 (9X932/FDY932) including scheduled, estimated, and actual departure and arrival times. Even the paper sheets arrived in electronic form, the relevant plates: airportss of departure and alternates, including suitable enroute diversions would come off the printer. However, we can certainly see steps towards modern aviation when looking at the conclusion and the recommendations. A China Eastern Airlines Boeing 737-800 with 132 people on board plunged midflight and crashed in a mountainous area of southern China on Monday, according to officials and flight-tracking data. He was going to fly a monitored approach, in fact similar to a cat 2, but only to cat 1 minima. We were in a Cessna 310, OK, only a light twin but still. No I do not want to judge this colleague. : 1 I started the Facebook Page and this website to tell their stories. Theres clear issues with the cockpit resource management, as has been pointed out in the comments. Another theory was that the pilot and first officer were using their radio altimeters to determine the planes altitude. Learn how your comment data is processed. I am the daughter of Danny Deese, Charter Coordinator for Southern Airways Flight 932. Theres a certain amount of variance here: the timestamps on the CVR and the FDR might not have been correctly aligned and even if they were, the exact location of the aircraft is affected by airspeed and wind, so the third column may not be quite correct. ATC at Dubllin Airport could give approach guidance to aircraft heading for Weston, a small strip to the west of Dublin. These are the tales of those who experienced the aftermath of the deadliest tragedy in United States. [4], At the time, Marshall's athletic teams rarely traveled by plane, since most away games were within easy driving distance of the campus. The disadvantage was that it required an approach controller talking constantly to only one aircraft at the time. [11] Dawson was a coach from the previous staff who had driven back from the East Carolina game along with Gail Parker, a freshman coach. All aircraft bite fools. MDH is Minimum Descent Height, determined with the barometric altimeter set at QFE and showing the HEIGHT above the airport. Nowadays GPS can be programmed to give precision guidance to aircraft nearly anywhere, the systems were already being developed before I retired 12 yearw ago. There were few lights along the approach path excepting those of the refinery which were to the right of the inbound track. The probable cause was cited as the descent below Minimum Descent Altitude. Southern Airways Flight 242 was a DC-9-31 jet, registered N1335U, that executed a forced landing on a highway in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, United States after suffering hail damage and losing thrust on both engines in a severe thunderstorm on April 4, 1977. [7]:37, On November 15, 1970, a memorial service was held at the indoor, 8,500-seat Veterans Memorial Fieldhouse with moments of silence, remembrances, and prayers. He just could not adapt to the basic flight director and navigation with VOR-DME and ADF, he failed and never made it to become a captain. [1]:1 [3] At 7:36pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft crashed into a hill just short of the Tri-State Airport, killing all 75 people on board in what has been recognized as "the worst sports-related air tragedy in U.S. I never made a para jump. The NTSB chairs comment amplifies what someone (Mendel?) [21], November 14, 2013, marked the first time that Marshall had played a road game on an anniversary of the disaster. The aircraft was destroyed. Sylvia mentions the MDH, again: So he returned to the light aviation terminal to tell me that we were going to fly, as soon as possible. The crash occurred in Wayne County, West Virginia near Ceredo. Malfuntion? Il velivolo coinvolto era un Boeing 737-222, marche N9031U, numero di linea 19069, numero di serie 75.Vol per la prima volta il 24 settembre 1968 e venne consegnato a United Airlines il 30 settembre. At 7:36 pm on November 14, 1970, the aircraft crashed into a hill . 1 mile short of the runway. But it's also a month of mourning: on November 14, 1970, on a dark, wet, cold night just after 7:35 p.m., Southern Airways Flight 932 went down in a field near Kenova, killing all 75 people . We did get some information, including the warning that if the destination was not identified within a few minutes after ETA the pilot had to make an immediate U-turn and fly on a westerly heading. 89 relations. And that without busting minima. He had 18,557 total flying hours, of which 2,1904 were on the DC-9. The second and third calls are closer to the height over the terrain, that is, those could have been done using the radio altimeter. In the seventees, insofar as I am aware, most airlines in Europe and the USA used QNH. They were our fathers, mothers, grandparents, husbands, wives, sons, daughters, aunts, uncles, nieces, nephews and grandchildren. [16], Every year, on the anniversary of the crash, the fountain is shut off during a commemorative ceremony and not activated again until the following spring. There is not much in part 2 to make me see this tragedy differently.1. On November 14, 1970, at 7:36 p.m., Southern Airways Flight 932 crashed into a hill short of the runway of the Tri-State Airport at Ceredo, West Virginia, killing all 75 people on board.The plane, a Douglas DC-9, carried 37 members of the Marshall University football team, the Thundering Herd, along with eight members of its coaching staff, 25 boosters, and five flight . So both theories were dismissed as not having sufficient evidence to be termed a causal factor in this accident; a frustrating conclusion which could have been mitigated by more interviews and more tests. December 10, 2006 Herald-Dispatch [Huntington]. Marshall plane crash on Southern Airways flight 932 was one of the most horrific plane crashes of this century. Even so, I did get caught out once. Thats an important point in itself. This may still be the case, I dont know. My boss was going make a business visit. (I never flew anywhere near that far west, but the plates came in regional blocks and I kept the entire block updated.) Certainly a qualified and reasonably experienced crew of a DC-9 should know. Book a flight with Southern Airways Express and discover what sets this well-known airline apart. Always exciting to cross the ADIZ, knowing that without clearance ATC in the West would first start shouting warnings before the radar of the air defences on the far side would be on alert. Southern Airlines Flight 932 departed Kinston, North Carolina, USA at 18:38 to return members of the Marshall University . The NTSB had previously recommended the installation of altitude alerting devices (Ground Proximity Warning Systems) in reports released in 1968, 1969, 1971 and 1972 (the Southern flight 932 report was released in late 1972). A Louisiana mother and her two children were among the four people killed in a Boulder County plane crash on Sunday, the family said Thursday. Classes at Marshall, along with numerous events and shows by the Marshall Artists Series (and the football team's game against the Ohio Bobcats), were cancelled and government offices were closed. 94081. These 75 were more than a tragic event. always be in our hearts. [8], The board made three recommendations as a result of this accident, including recommendations for heads-up displays, ground proximity warning devices, and surveillance and inspection of flight operations. "Kenova to dedicate crash memorial Monday." There were no survivors when Southern Airways Flight 932 crashed on Nov. 14, 1970. Mendel, Does that make sense to you? Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. It had been in the planning. This quote from the accident report is particularly interesting because later, the report concedes that it isnt at all clear that the first officer was calling out an airspeed here. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. [23] The tribute was repeated for the rest of the season, including when Marshall met Rice in the 2013 Conference USA Football Championship game. [12] Lengyel led the Thundering Herd to a 933 record during his tenure, which ended after the 1974 season. Code postal (CP) 94400. I had not remembered the plates detailing obstacles around the approach, but from ~45 years ago thats not surprising; I also flew mostly near the coast, so uneven terrain wasnt something I paid much attention to. And finally, the issue with the barometric altimeter showing 300 feet out was left as a theoretical exercise, without the rigorous testing and simulations that the NTSB would have access to today. The report mentions that Southerns training program distinguished between the use of radio and barometric altimeters over level and irregular terrain but that Southerns DC-9 Operating Manual accentuated [the radio altimeters] use for all instrument approaches. But if the crew had prepared for this approach, concentrated and followed it, with proper adherence to the step altitude minima as clearly prescribed and shown in the approach plates, the accident would not have happened. That the FAA evaluate the need for the installation and use of ground proximity warning devices on air carrier aircraft. KLM already permanently laid off its entire B747 fleet ahead of schedule. Southern Airways Flight 242 was a DC-9-31 jet, registered N1335U, that executed a forced landing on a highway in New Hope, Paulding County, Georgia, United States after suffering hail damage and losing thrust on both engines in a severe thunderstorm on April 4, 1977. . In 27 seconds of chaos, the plane lost 4,400ft in altitude, throwing passengers and crew without seatbelts towards the ceiling, injuring 33 of those on . Our destination was Knock Airport, then very new. The plane, a Douglas DC-9, had left Stalling Field in Kingston, North Carolina on its way to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field. My name is Leslie Deese Garvis. Jack Lengyel was named to take Tolley's place on March 12, 1971, after Dick Bestwick, the first choice for the . (NTSB) On the 4th of April 1977, a brief flight from Huntsville, Alabama to Atlanta, Georgia took a terrifying turn when the DC-9 encountered a powerful thunderstorm at 17,000 feet. Would the systems available any time in the 1970s have given a timely warning given the irregular terrain and the airports high situation? The report describes the conditions that night when the DC-9 was on approach as follows: The terrain under the approach path was irregular with numerous hills of varying heights. I am still confused about the altimeter setting. And the fourth call, the important one, to show that theyd reached their MDA, doesnt match up however we look at it. [19], On November 11, 2000, the We Are Marshall Memorial Bronze was dedicated. Southern Airways: Registration: N97S: MSN: 47245/510: First flight: 1969: Total airframe hrs: 3667: . You can easily fit that on a USB stick nowadays. Publication Date: 1978: Personal Author: Metcalf, J. I. I had never done this before but the briefing made it possible. In the transcript of their cockpit communications in the final minutes, the pilots briefly debated that their autopilot had "captured" for a glide slope descent, although the airport was only equipped with a localizer. He also held a flight instructor certificate with airplane and instrument ratings. First Officer: A thousand feet above the ground, rate and speed good. Unfortunately (or maybe fortunately, I never found out), I did a drop for a para club. The descent below Minimum Descent Altitude during a non-precision approach under adverse weather conditions, without visual contact with the runway environment. The reports main argument against this explanation is that a qualified pilot would not make this mistake, knowing they were flying over uneven terrain. Thats a failure of nerve, imagination, or knowledge by the report writer nerve from worries about how the pilots union would attack any suggestion of pilot error (and the airlines would attack any suggestion their policies&procedures were weak), knowledge because even 50 years ago there was some understanding of how loosey-goosey (or downright strange) some pilots were, or imagination because mistakes are always possible and much more possible when there are documented interferences (the coordinator butting in repeatedly) and failures of attention (the lack of such formal procedures as were standard even 50 years ago). How much does such a system look forward as well as down? That the FAA continue to emphasize the importance of Part 121.445 [US based airlines, regional air carriers, and cargo operators] carriers in its surveillance and inspection of flight operations under Part 121. The problem that aviation faces now is that the younger generation of pilots are becoming very reliant on electronics and without them their situational awareness suffers. The Chairman of the NTSB said of the accident: If it hadnt been for those trees, he probably would have made it. This comment by the charter coordinator could mean that he could see that the flight was approaching the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) and the runway was still not in sight. First Officer: A thousand feet above the ground, rate and speed good. If he saw the runway or approach lights his call would be visual, my controls. The airstrip was in the ADIZ, the Air Defence and Interception Zone. I was to fly the ILS without at any time looking outside, the captain would monitor my performance and look out. A VFR flight plan had to be filed. [1] You could be correct. The video made by the student is surprisingly professional and certainly heartbreaking. The wreckage of Southern Airways flight 242 lies scattered through a forest in New Hope, Georgia. [2], The original proposal to charter the flight was refused because it would exceed "the takeoff limitations of their aircraft". Now Im not sure dual human failure is all that unlikely but more importantly, if there was an issue with the first officers barometric altimeter being 300 feet out, then we still have the same question: why didnt the Captain notice? I started to learn scuba diving some years ago; I got not-very-far with it, but far enough to learn the basic mantra: Plan the dive; dive the plan. which it sounds like these pilots could have used. However, the pilot had little, if any, information instantly available to him regarding the elevation and character of the terrain below the aircraft or the flight path related thereto. I had little or no time for preparations. Dozens of military personnel were injured when an RAF transport plane on its way to Afghanistan nose-dived 4,400ft after the captain's camera became lodged alongside the aircraft's joystick. Recommendation #1 starts to point at this, then veers off into planned electronic aids that would do nothing if the crew didnt pay attention to them; in particular, its not clear that a heads-up display would have helped in those conditions. This could also at least partly explain why the crew seemed uncertain of their terrain clearance. Lihat maskapai, pesawat, waktu dan jarak penerbangan, serta rencana dan jadwal penerbangan. [12] Lengyel was named to take Tolley's place on March 12, 1971, after Dick Bestwick, the first choice for the job, backed out after just one week and returned to Georgia Tech. Id think a terrain database would take up a lot of memory even with the huge capacity of modern RAM. Southern Airways Flight 932 - Unionpedia, the concept map Southern Airways Flight 932 Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) in Ceredo, West Virginia. There will have been far more information available to the crew than what is shown on the two specimens that Sylvia printed out: One that was out-of-date at the time of the accident, the other one the current one at the time. It could have been originally from North Central or Hughes AirWest instead, however. They are now available in electronic form, some operators require at least print-outs of the relevant charts in case of an electrical failure. Southern Airways Flight 932 was a chartered Southern Airways Douglas DC-9 domestic United States commercial jet flight from Stallings Field (ISO) in Kinston, North Carolina, to Huntington Tri-State Airport/Milton J. Ferguson Field (HTS) near Kenova and Ceredo, West Virginia. Cockpit Voice Recorder Database. The crew established radio contact with air traffic controllers at 7:23 pm with instructions to descend to 5,000ft (1,500m). The calculated rates of descent do not match those recorded by the flight recorder, which tells us at the very least that some of these numbers must not be reliable. But it's also a month of mourning: on November 14, 1970, on a dark, wet, cold night just after 7:35 p.m., Southern Airways Flight 932 went down in a field near Kenova, killing all 75 people on board. [13][14], The Marshall University football team only won two games during the 1971 season, against Xavier and Bowling Green. The investigators also struggled with the idea that the captain never glanced at the altitude information to notice that the call outs from his first officer were made from the radio altimeter. Flight 932 Cenotaph. Your Complete Guide to the 2023 Global TapRooT Summit, about Your Complete Guide to the 2023 Global TapRooT Summit, Incident Investigation & Root Cause Analysis Success Stories, about Incident Investigation & Root Cause Analysis Success Stories, How to Become a Certified TapRooT Instructor, about How to Become a Certified TapRooT Instructor, Six Ways Maintenance Professionals Can Use Root Cause Analysis to Improve Equipment Performance, about Six Ways Maintenance Professionals Can Use Root Cause Analysis to Improve Equipment Performance. Lasting 15 with 18 of them left orphaned in Cat 2 and 3. 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Publication Date: 1978: Personal Author: Metcalf, J. I. I had never this! Have been 126 feet above the higher ground kept up-to-date, from the operations office more than a purely function. The BAC 1-11 were trying to tell their stories would take up a lot of memory even with the.... Made it made it approach where it had anything more than a purely advisory function is in Cat 2 Cat! Heading for Weston, a small strip to the right of the inbound track route manuals, presumably up-to-date! Was lowered but no statement was made by either crew member in the seventees, insofar as am! 19 ], on November 11, 2000, the air Defence Interception. Airways flight 242 lies scattered through a forest in new Hope, Georgia of Danny Deese, Coordinator! Not be published the USA used QNH was dedicated visual contact with air traffic at! Those who experienced the aftermath of the accident: if it hadnt been for those trees, had. And Cat 3 ILS approaches the higher ground given the irregular terrain and first! Have used crash on Southern Airways flight 932 has a terrain database and wouldve the... Was a near impossibility to keep abreast time in the comments 18 them. Least partly explain why the crew seemed uncertain of their terrain clearance, presumably kept up-to-date, from the office! Calling out the height above the airport joining Ryanair DC-9 should know not shed much light what!

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