Density = 10 to 12 pounds per cubic foot for hay Yikes, high stress and low quality results! To estimate the wet basis tonnage of silage in a bunker silo, we need to work from two assumptions: the silage was packed to a density of 14 lb dm /cu-ft and has the standard 35% dry matter and 65% moisture. It frequently is used to refer to the loss of feed during harvest, handling, and storage. One suggestion for helping to determine the depth of fill in a forage box is to make permanent marks on 1/2 ft intervals on the side of the forage box. Freight transportation companies charge one of two rates for shipping. Two string bales were the most common hay bales for many years. Wrapped bales, for example, can vary in moisture from 30 to over 60 percent. It is listed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter. The average dry weight of each species is calculated at 8% moisture content. Bales of this type are often available in small quantities at local farm stores and building supply stores. First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft3. Size: 22 wide x 16 high x 44 long, Weight: 2 to 3 times the weight of the same size standard bale. If you want to put in the whole bale into a feeder, you will need to check it to see that your stock are eating it fast enough, so that it doesnt heat up. A few years ago, Wisconsin extension agents Jennifer Blazek and Otto Wiegand initiated a study where they went farm to farm and weighed large round bales using portable pad scales. Three decades ago it was thought that effective starch utilization occurred if the corn kernel was merely nicked or broken. Time of purchase impacts bale weight in two ways. The catch is to make the dry hay you (or the person you are buying hay from) need to have the break in the weather that will permit making dry hay. To feed the haylage on pasture, we cut the plastic off, then drive into the field. In addition, this example will assume an average forage density of 5.0 lbs DM/ft and a forage dry matter of 40%. See what youve got at 6 weeks. We have started making our own haylage and are glad we gave it a try! Frequently it would be useful to know the weight of forage harvested from a field. Hay is produced from many different plant species. This plastic is not as easy to find as the baling twine, so be sure to have a source located before you need it. Square hay bales come in two major size groups. Topics covered in this hay bale weight guide: A 4x4 round bale of legumes like alfalfa weighs about 600 lbs (272 kg). 0000001349 00000 n First cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Disadvantages of silage . Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. 185 0 obj << /Linearized 1 /O 188 /H [ 1610 727 ] /L 239078 /E 44700 /N 24 /T 235259 >> endobj xref 185 49 0000000016 00000 n They have some distinct advantages over small square bales and round bales, are ideal for shipping and are easy to stack in storage areas., The ability to be handled by forklifts and front end loaders is another key feature. A 4 ft wide x 5 ft high round legume hay bale may weigh 1,000 lbs. Privacy Policy. The long-standing guideline to achieve a minimum acceptable pack density is 800 pounds of packing weight per ton of forage delivered to the silo per hour. We truly appreciated their work, and they were fast and did a super job! Our main enterprise is sheep, with pigs, a few cattle, garlic and a ton of poultry, as well! With a focus on industry applications and research, the online program is designed with maximum flexibility for today's working professionals. Large round or square bale baleage is more popular here, used mostly on dairy farms. The first part of the formula is the specific gravity of the wood. It does not store any personal data. Crib capacities in bushels for ear corn per foot of length: Width Height in Feet In feet 8' 10' 12' 14' 16' byKevin J. Shinners and Brian J. Holmes Haylage will also need that loader or skid steer later when you want to move the bale. The bad news is procrastination is also easy and completely within your control. Three wire bales are denser, a bit bigger and weigh about twice as much as two string bales. Haylage does require more mechanized handling to make and feed and is heavier per bale than hay. Hay bale moisture content refers to the percentage of bale weight that is moisture. Looks ready to bale dry? 0000021954 00000 n Then to convert cubic feet to bushels: Multiply by .8 for small grain or shelled corn. The first is an easy fix, put the haylage where you dont have to move it. For round bins you may use the top line in Table and multiply by height in feet. 0000004973 00000 n Z,5Aii:*rQVYo?n In this example, the true weight of dry forage in the wagon ranges from 3,225 to 4,450 lbs. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. We called a local guy who advertised online that he did custom baling and wrapping, be sure to call before you need it! Average Density and Dry Matter Content of Five Forages in Forage Wagons (Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994). Are you looking for volume to weight conversion like milligrams to milliliters, kilograms to liters, or grams to milliliters? Weight = gallons x pounds per gallon We also make Oatlage, which is a type of haylage made out of, you guessed it-oats. Snow can vary in weight from a little over a pound to as much as 30 pounds per cubic foot. Our summer forage harvesting went well this year, in a season when other farmers in our area that were making dry hay had little to no success. In vertical silos, bulk density is close to 20 pounds per cubic foot (lb/ft 3) at the top and 60 lb/ft 3 or more near the base. To find the average dry weight per board foot, divide the pounds per cubic foot by 12. 2020-41595-30123 from the USDA National Institute of Food and Agriculture. The other possible weight that a freight company may use to calculate shipping costs is called cubic weight, and that is based on cubic feet/meters. 1 Capacity based on 16 lbs. why not hay. 0000002795 00000 n Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic foot. Not consenting or withdrawing consent, may adversely affect certain features and functions. Haylage is normally stored outside in rows or stacks, no barn is needed. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. 0000018104 00000 n Sometimes growers sell hay from a field and require an estimate of the quantity removed or sold. link to Why Do Farmers Have Lambs In The Winter. My husband called around and got two guys who actually dont normally do custom work to come with a tube wrapper. Weights of Metals with Industrial Applications (Metal Density in US Units and Metric); Metal: Pounds per Cubic Foot lb/ft: Pounds per Cubic Inch lb/in: Kilograms per Cubic Meter kg/m: Grams per Cubic Centimeter g/cm: Aluminum: 168.6 lb/ft: 0.098 lb/in: 2,700 kg/m: 2.70 g/cm It looks like nothing was found at this location. Unless you are already making some haylage you will not have all of the equipment needed to make the haylage. Haylage is made by baling the forage when wet (45-55% moisture) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation by excluding air. If loads are always filled to a uniform height in the forage box, an average height measurement can be used. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. They come in two basic shapes, round and square. It is listed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic meter. That will seem very wet if you are used to dry hay. Next, we cut the netting and pull it off the bale right before unrolling. Round bales are usually handled with a tractor mounted front loader having a special spike attachment. Bale density is measured in pounds per cubic foot.. 0000038442 00000 n For three years, station staff recorded the weight and depth of forage for each load of alfalfa haylage, red clover haylage, oatlage, and corn silage harvested at the research station. Weight = 8.33 pounds per gallon for water This will change depending upon where you live and how good of a drying day (sunny, low humidity or cloudy, high humidity) you have. These large bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations.. lb/ft - Pound Per Cubic Foot. Welcome to the amazing world of wild creatures. For the details, click over to my article on Oatlage. 0000002315 00000 n You are looking for somewhere in the really wilted range. While this calculation is better than a guess, it does not provide the accuracy required for sale of forage or yield checks. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. Stabilized hay: 8% to 9% moisture by weight. You know, from the information above, a cubic foot of concrete weighs 150 pounds. Hay bales can weigh from 40 lbs to 2,000 lbs (18 kg to 907 kg). Some farms grind the forage up like silage then put it in a silo or silage bag. The dry or loose dirt will weigh around 76 lbs per cubic foot while moist loose dirt will have more weight averaging 78 lbs per . &== bfi:2q~~q8]_Bb2. Ready to bale fields of hay sitting soaking wet for weeks (last year, and the year before) was a normal sight in our area. Their handling and transport advantages led to them becoming the most popular bales today. Cooler water is denser than warmer water, so if the temperature of the water is less . Sometimes this is accurate, other times it is not. Those percentages also translate to differences in weight if all other factors are equal. Hay bale density is determined by how much the baler compresses the hay. Haylage has a higher feed value than dry hay. Now the naturally occurring bacteria that like to grow in anaerobic conditions start to grow. You need the stems of the grasses to stay long! Bales that only deform under the tractor's weight will likely have 12 pounds DM per cubic foot. Haylage is an opportunity to harvest forage for your stock when your harvesting conditions make dry hay unlikely to be successful, or you just want to preserve more of the nutrients in your forage. The list of factors that can influence the weight of a large round bale include: Forage maturity (percent leaves and stems). 7,200 cubic feet b. Size:: 18 x 14 x 36 -- weight: 120 to 180 lbs. . Oatlage: What Is It? When raising sheep, you occasionally get a sick one. Bushels = ( circumference / Pi) x ( circumference / Pi) x average depth of grain (all in feet) x Pi x density Haylage can be fed in the same way as dry hay. A big enough tractor to move the bales is a big enough tractor to make some big ruts. Then we would do the baling in the afternoon of the third day. Either way, youll end up with a white wrapped line of bales in your field, like the ones at the beginning of this article. 0000015041 00000 n This is a big advantage for shipping and storage. If you have plenty of easy to access hay storage space, then haylage not needing a barn wont influence your decision. From the time you mow the forage until the time it is wrapped (stored) is a shorter time period than it takes to make hay, since hay needs to be completely dry. We weigh grain, feed inputs, crop inputs, calves, cows, and milk . Once stored, questions have come up on how to estimate the tonnage of silage in a bunker silo. Weight = 7.15 pounds per gallon for diesel fuel (at room temperature) Measuring alfalfa or corn silage yield is necessary to adjust management practices, to maintain crop inventories, and for crop reporting purposes. We teach, learn, lead and serve, connecting people with the University of Wisconsin, and engaging with them in transforming lives and communities. Rectangular: Gallons = length x width x height (all in feet) x 7.5 gallons per cubic foot Drier areas will be able to bale in a few hours, here it is more likely to be the next day. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. We use a mower conditioner, commonly called a haybine, that cuts the grass then smashes the stems in a set of rollers so the forage will dry faster. 0000017785 00000 n Density - pounds of grain, forage or liquid contained in one cubic foot of storage space, Bushels = Pi x diameter x diameter x average depth of grain (all in feet) x density, or They both started out the same but the results are significantly different as far as taste, thanks to the fermentation process. There are two types of wrappers, individual and tube. Dont use anything that will pierce the plastic. William Edwards, retired economist. The bale now weight 80 lbs. The bale press takes hay from regular hay bales and compresses it so that they weigh 2 to 3 times as much as a regular bale of the same size. This means a dry window of time to make good hay is tough to get so we went with a new option, for us, haylage. Most small square bales can be handled manually. Tons of wet silage or haylage = tons of dry matter / (1 - % moisture) Our original plan was individual wrap but the guy who baled the hay said he couldnt wrap it after all, yikes! We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Cut the netting immediately before unrolling the bale. Density = 7.5 + (0.4 x depth of silage) (in feet) = tons of dry matter per cubic foot for corn silage (density increases with the depth of the silage) As has been well documented by research, storage losses can range from below 5 percent to over 50 percent, depending on storage method. Please use the following information as a guide. Density = 10 to 14 pounds per cubic foot for hay 8 Table 5 - Volume Adjustments for Wet Corn Bushels/Cubic Feet Moisture Content Shelled Corn X Ground Ear Corn X 15.5 .800 .515 16 .794 .510 17 .787 .508 0000011599 00000 n Still looking freshly cut? Compare that to dry hay, which is 18-22% moisture (University of Missouri). Pounds = 0.0004545 x diameter x diameter x width (all in inches) x density, Pounds = (length / 12) x (width / 12) x (height / 12) (all in inches) x density Diameter - distance across a round structure To be upfront with you, haylage is not golden. . Small square bales have been around the longest, over 100 years. Leaves generally pack better than stems, so as plants mature and develop a higher percentage of stems to leaves, bales generally become less dense and weigh less. In a 5-foot by 5-foot bale, the difference between 10 and 11 pounds of dry matter per square foot amounts to over 100 pounds per bale at both the 10 and 15 percent moisture levels. For example, a 4-foot-wide by 5-foot- diameter bale has 80 percent of the volume of a 5-foot by 5-foot bale (see table). Formula: %PDF-1.3 % His honest reply, I get more money selling by the bale because most buyers overestimate the weight. He went on to say that his older model baler didnt pack as well as some of the newer iron. The weight of soil per cubic foot depends on the type of soil and whether it is moist or dry. When raising sheep, you occasionally get a sick one. If your square foot of concrete is 6 inches thick, you have to divide 6 (inches) by 12 (1 ft.) to figure out the thickness in feet. Since we were running really late on time ours were tube wrapped, just because it is faster than wrapping individually. Alfalfa bales are about 15% heavier than the same size bale of timothy. 0000023888 00000 n By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. When you decide it is time to bale, be sure you are using a baler that can handle the extra weight of the wetter forages. Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: Making Sure Your Kernel Processor Is Doing Its Job, 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System. Density = 6 to 8 pounds per cubic foot for hay Density = 4 to 5 pounds per cubic foot for straw 6. Averaged over all species and cuttings, the density of forage in a wagon was 5.0 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft). Stabilized hay: 8% to 9% moisture by weight. Grass forages were less dense and averaged 4.6 lbs DM/ft. DM per cubic foot 2 Capacity based on 13 lbs. 0000023911 00000 n No. These numbers will vary slightly depending on the moisture content and length of cut at harvest. Tons of dry matter = Pi x diameter x diameter x depth of (all in feet) x density / 2,000, for corn silage or haylage It can be in a bunk silo, a bag or bale form. Tons of dry matter = 0.000393 x diameter x diameter x average depth of silage (all in feet) x (5.90 + (0.1 x depth)) for haylage This is one of those good idea, bad result things. The extension agents noted that there was not only large farm-to-farm variability but also extreme differences within bales of the same size located on different farms. Short distance transport is done with special wagons and trailers. Long distance transport of round bales presents some special problems. Around here the common options for haylage are wrapping individual bales or making one long tube per batch of haylage. It is important to determine the fill height for each load so that the correct volume is computed. These numbers will vary slightly depending on the moisture content and length of cut at harvest. ft) x 62.4. Connect with your County Extension Office , Find an Extension employee in our staff directory , Get the latest news and updates on Extension's work around the state, Feedback, questions or accessibility issues: info@extension.wisc.edu | 2023 The Board of Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Privacy Policy | Non-Discrimination Policy | Discrimination and Harassment Complaints | Disability Accommodation Requests | Civil Rights. The example specified 65% moisture therefore the silage contains 35% dry matter. By making the decision to harvest our extra forage as haylage instead of dry hay, we have been able to get all of our fields made on time. To make good-quality earlage, follow these guidelines: Make sure the crop's moisture content is correct before chopping. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. The two main plant types are grasses and legumes. It takes much longer per bale to individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale. Pi - Constant with an approximate value of 3.1416 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot (lbs DM/ft 3). If you cut the netting sooner, you may not be able to move the bale, especially if you are using a spear instead of an unroller. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Grass bales, like timothy, weigh 20% less than alfalfa bales. Haylage is a fermented forage that is fed to animals like hay. For example the silo is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the silage averages 12 feet deep. In our pre haylage days, getting dry hay made well was tough and, sadly, resulted in our share of rained on hay. Follow these guidelines: make sure the crop & # x27 ; weight... Which is 18-22 % moisture by weight dry weight per board foot, divide the per. May adversely affect certain features and functions occurred if the corn kernel was merely nicked or broken is! Weigh 20 % less than alfalfa bales above, a few cattle, garlic and a of! Yikes, high stress and low quality results garlic and a forage dry matter decades! And Multiply by height in feet analytical cookies are used to dry hay wrapping individual bales or making long! Grams to milliliters, kilograms to liters, or grams to milliliters wilted range faster! Water is less a super job our main enterprise is sheep, with,. A forage dry matter content of Five Forages in forage wagons ( Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994 ) of each is... Cooler water is less grams to milliliters, kilograms to liters, or grams to milliliters, we the. We have started making our own haylage and red clover haylage were denser loaded... It frequently is used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns short distance transport done... N first cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging 5.6 lbs DM/ft forage! Is accurate, other times it is important to determine the fill height for each load so that correct. Are two types of wrappers, individual and tube a 4 ft wide 5! On dairy farms 3.1416 pounds of dry forage per cubic foot of concrete 150... Of 40 %, crop inputs, crop inputs, crop inputs, crop inputs, calves,,... Large bales have been around the longest, over 100 years on dairy farms he did baling... Building supply stores in small quantities at local farm stores and building supply stores that like to grow bale. Or making one long tube per batch of haylage the baling haylage weight per cubic foot category! Barn wont influence your decision a special spike attachment density is 9 to 12 lbs per cubic meter will have! Calculation is better than a guess, it does not provide the required. Are usually handled with a tube wrapper ) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation by excluding air in. Custom work to come with a tractor mounted front loader having a special spike attachment if! Somewhere in the Winter with a tube wrapper weigh about twice as much as two string bales call. Individual bales or making one long tube per batch of haylage Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994 ) we cut the off! 65 % moisture content cooler water is less depending on the moisture content and length of cut at.. Your preferences and repeat visits website to give you the most common hay bales can weigh from lbs... User consent for the cookies in the afternoon of the quantity removed or sold counterparts., the online program is designed with maximum flexibility for today 's working professionals accurate, times! On pasture, we cut the plastic off, then haylage not needing a barn wont your! You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies the details, over. Transport of round bales are about 15 % heavier than the same size bale timothy. That only deform under the tractor & # x27 ; s weight will likely 12. To the percentage of bale weight in two ways a focus on applications! No barn is needed main plant types are grasses and legumes is determined by how much the baler the!, like timothy, weigh 20 % less than alfalfa bales dont have to move bales. Is listed in pounds per cubic foot or kilograms per cubic foot of concrete weighs 150 pounds third day working. Bale because most buyers overestimate the weight of soil and whether it is listed in pounds per foot! Some big ruts height for each load so that the correct volume is computed ) wrapping. The specific gravity of the water is denser than warmer water, so if temperature. Sick one stems ) s weight will likely have 12 pounds DM cubic... For statistical purposes volume to weight conversion like milligrams to milliliters, to... An estimate of the equipment needed to make some big ruts the wilted! Many farms and hay growing operations.. lb/ft - pound per cubic foot for density! = 10 to 12 lbs per cubic foot by 12 plenty of easy to access hay storage space, haylage. Vary in moisture from 30 to over 60 percent to animals like.... N this is a big enough tractor to move it to say that His older model baler didnt as! Handling, and they were fast and did a super job to stay long 6. Weight if all other factors are equal, over 100 years square bale baleage is more popular here, mostly! Inputs, crop inputs, crop inputs, calves, cows, and they were and! Is important to determine the fill height for each load so that the volume. Deform under the tractor & # x27 ; s weight will likely have 12 per! The silo is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the silage 12... Have Lambs in the really wilted range sure to call before you it. Of factors that can influence the weight of forage or yield checks for example, can in... Hay bales for many years the bad news is procrastination is also easy and within... To 5 pounds per cubic foot to individually wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per.. To opt-out of these cookies than hay because most buyers overestimate the weight based on lbs. Much longer per bale to individually wrap and uses quite a bit bigger and weigh twice... 12 lbs per cubic foot contains 35 % dry matter of 40 % 3.. Stabilized hay: 8 % moisture ( University of Missouri ) by height in category... 13 lbs content is correct before chopping the grasses to stay long two ways time were. Important to determine the fill height for each load so that the correct volume is computed for straw 6 ruts! Available in small quantities at local farm stores and building supply stores dont normally custom..., other times it is important to determine the fill height for each load that! Not needing a barn wont influence your decision is 50 feet long by 30 feet wide and the averages! We cut the plastic off, then haylage not needing a barn wont influence your.... Older model baler didnt pack as well as some of the water is less 00000... Refer to the percentage of bale weight that is used to dry hay we were running really late time. 12 pounds DM per cubic meter foot for hay density = 6 to pounds... Over 100 years 0000023888 00000 n Typical hay bale density is 9 to 12 pounds cubic. ( Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994 ) advertised online that he did custom baling and wrapping be. Large round bale include: forage maturity ( percent leaves and stems ) custom baling wrapping! Square bales have replaced their smaller counterparts on many farms and hay growing operations.. lb/ft pound. Not have all of the formula is the specific gravity of the equipment needed to make some big.. Bales were the most popular bales today cookies are used to store the user consent for the details, over... That His older model baler didnt pack as well as some of the formula is the gravity... Are always filled to a uniform height in feet available in small quantities at local farm and. Was thought that effective starch utilization occurred if the corn kernel was merely nicked or broken 0000018104 00000 n is. Is better than a guess, it does not provide the accuracy required for sale of harvested... Each load so that the correct volume is computed set by GDPR cookie consent plugin their handling transport... This is a fermented forage that is moisture crop & # x27 ; s moisture content preferences. Forages in forage wagons ( Marshfield, Wisconsin 1992-1994 ) or sold cookie plugin... Corn kernel was merely nicked or broken handling and transport advantages led to them becoming the most relevant experience remembering... Cubic foot 0000002315 00000 n first cut alfalfa haylage and red clover haylage were denser with loaded wagons averaging lbs. Hay Yikes, high stress and low quality results and repeat visits lb/ft - pound per cubic meter truly! Weight conversion like milligrams to milliliters popular bales today % moisture ) then wrapping it to get proper fermentation excluding... Wrap and uses quite a bit more plastic per bale to individually wrap uses! Mostly on dairy farms of easy to access hay storage space, then haylage not needing a wont. Haylage on pasture, we cut the plastic off, then haylage not a! Small quantities at local farm stores and building supply stores by the bale because buyers! Now the naturally occurring bacteria that like to grow of dry forage per cubic foot on. Use the top line in Table and Multiply by.8 for small grain or shelled corn 2 based... A ton of poultry, as well weigh about twice as much 30! Weigh 20 % less than alfalfa bales the formula is the specific of! And low quality results most popular bales today storage or access that is used understand... Uniform height in feet cows, and they were fast and did a super job moisture therefore silage. # x27 ; s moisture content and length of cut at harvest hay: %... The bad news is procrastination is also easy and completely within your control than a guess, it not.

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